Advanced Techniques for Clitoral and Vulvar Reconstruction
Female genital mutilation and cutting is a common cultural practice in some parts of Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Also known as female circumcision, the practice involves complete or partial removal of the external genitalia and is typically performed on girls between infancy and age 15.
The female sexual health team at University Hospitals has the highly specialized knowledge and training to offer genital reconstruction to women who choose to restore their anatomy.
Make an appointment
To schedule an in-person or virtual consultation with a female sexual health specialist, call 440-870-8239 or schedule online.
Why Is Female Circumcision Performed?
Female circumcision has cultural significance in certain countries and is believed to preserve and promote female purity, social acceptance and marriageability. These beliefs are not supported by medical evidence and the procedure is not medically necessary. Young girls who are circumcised are typically not given a choice. In fact, many may be unaware that they have had the procedure until they reach adulthood and are examined by a gynecologist in another country.
Medical Complications of Female Cutting
The practice of female cutting reduces sexual sensation by damaging or removing the external genitalia. Because the clitoris and other genital structures extend deep inside a woman’s body, some degree of sensation usually remains.
Serious medical complications may develop as result of female circumcision, including:
- Difficulty urinating
- Recurring urinary tract infections
- Pain during intercourse
- Excess scar tissue formation
In addition, many women experience psychological trauma when they discover they had the procedure, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression. Pre-operative counseling is often recommended for women considering reconstructive surgery.
Surgical Approaches to Reconstruction
The surgical approach to reconstruction after female circumcision is different for every woman. Surgery may include scar tissue removal, reconstruction of the clitoral tissue, labia reconstruction and addressing functional issues like difficulty urinating.
The surgery is typically performed as an outpatient procedure under anesthesia. Recovery typically takes 4 – 6 weeks before resuming normal activities and full healing can take several months. Many women report improved sexual sensation and quality of life after reconstruction.
Post-Procedure Support and Sexual Education
For most women, reconstructive surgery is only the first step in treatment. Many women experience complex emotions including shame, anger or grief before, during and after treatment. There is often much more psychological healing to be done after physical recovery from the procedure.
Most women will be referred for comprehensive post-operative care, including:
- Pelvic floor physical therapy.
- Education about anatomy and sexual functioning.
- Ongoing psychological support and counseling.
- Participation in support groups.