Terms and Definitions
  • Angina : chest pain caused by inadequate blood flow through the vessels of the heart.
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  • Aortic stenosis : narrowing of the aortic valve attached to the heart.
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  • Arrhythmia : an abnormal heart rhythm that causes the heart to pump blood less effectively.
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  • Bradycardia : an abnormally slow heart rate.
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  • Coronary arteries : arteries that supply blood to the heart.


  • Cyanosis : a bluish color seen on the fingernails, tongue, lips, or skin, caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood.
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  • Endocarditis : inflammation of the lining of the valves and chambers of the heart.
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  • Endoscope : a flexible, illuminated tube that allows the physician to “see” inside the patient’s body and make accurate diagnoses and treatment recommendations.
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  • Heart murmur : an atypical sound within a patient’s heart. : an atypical sound within a patient’s heart.
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    Hypoxia : insufficient oxygen in the blood, usually caused by a form of heart disease and exhibited by cyanosis.


  • Mitral stenosis : narrowing of the mitral valve within the heart.
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  • Myocardial infarction : heart attack.


  • Pulmonary stenosis : narrowing of the space between the heart’s pulmonary artery and the right ventricle. Learn more


  • Tachycardia : an abnormally rapid heart rate.