A cytology exam of urine is used to detect cancer and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract.

A clean-catch (midstream) urine sample is needed. For information on how to obtain the sample, see: Clean catch urine specimen.

The urine sample is processed in a laboratory and examined under a microscope by a pathologist who looks for abnormal cells.

No special preparation is needed.

There is no discomfort associated with a clean catch urine specimen.

The test is done to detect cancer and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract. The test is often done when bladder lesions are noted on an x-ray.

The test may occasionally be ordered for individuals who are at high risk of developing bladder cancer. The test can also detect cytomegalovirus and other viral diseases.

The urine shows normal cells and is relatively free of debris.

Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.

Abnormal cells in the urine may be a sign of inflammation of the urinary tract orcancer of the kidney, ureters, bladder, or urethra.

The diagnosis of cancer or inflammatory disease cannot be made exclusively by this test. The results are confirmed by other diagnostic tests or procedures.