Terms and definitions

When you have a child who is born prematurely or you are facing a difficult pregnancy, you may hear your doctor use medical terms you’re not familiar with. Some of the most common terms you may hear include the following:

Anemia
a disorder signaled by a reduction in blood cells or hemoglobin

Birth asphyxia
when a baby does not receive enough oxygen before, during or just after birth

Congenital
present at birth; often used regarding an abnormality or birth defect

Congenital heart disease
- Heart disease that exists at birth

Eclampsia
pregnancy complication that causes convulsions and loss of consciousness

Fetal exposure to alcohol or other toxic substances
- When the baby has been exposed to dangerous substances, such as alcohol or tobacco

Gestational diabetes
diabetes that occurs during pregnancy

Gestational diabetes
- Diabetes that occurs during pregnancy (in the mother)

Hematologic conditions
- Disorders related to the blood

Inherited metabolic disorder
- A disorder that affects the production of energy within individual human cells

Neonatal
involving a newborn infant up to the age of four weeks

Neurological problems
- Problems related to the brain or nervous system

NICU
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Obstetrics
- The medical science that deals with birth

Placenta previa
pregnancy complication in which the placenta fully or partially covers the cervical opening

Placental abruption
- Pregnancy complicated by the separation of the placenta from the uterus

Preeclampsia
also celled toxemia; pregnancy complication signaled by high blood pressure, swelling and protein in urine

Premature labor
labor that begins 36 weeks or sooner after the first day of a woman’s last period

Toxoplasmosis
infectious disease caused by a parasite in cat feces or improperly cooked meat